Study sheds light on benefits of exercise on brain health [Video]

#exercise #brainhealth #exercisebenefits

New research published in the journal Aging Cell provided insights into how exercise may help to prevent or slow cognitive decline during ageing.
Ageing induces progressive physiological changes to multiple body systems over time. In humans, ageing is associated with a decline in both general physical well-being and cognitive abilities.
Exercise can reverse grey matter loss in the hippocampus, an area important for learning and memory. It also modulates the heightened ageing-associated response of microglia to immune challenge.
For the study, investigators assessed the expression of genes in individual cells in the brains of mice. The team found that exercise has a significant impact on gene expression in microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system that support brain function. Specifically, the group found that exercise reverts the gene expression patterns of aged microglia to patterns seen in young microglia.
Treatments that depleted microglia revealed that these cells are required for the stimulatory effects of exercise on the formation of new neurons in the brain’s hippocampus, a region involved in memory, learning, and emotion.
The scientists also found that allowing mice access to a running wheel prevented and reduced the presence of T cells in the hippocampus during aging. These immune cells are not typically found in the brain during youth, but they increase with age.

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